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Ultrasonic concentration analysers

Introduction

Rhosonics is focussed on the continuous improvement of their analysers and sensors. Since the introduction of the first analyser, Model 8000 (in 1992), the amount of applications, models and variations has been extended dramatically. We believe that we can offer solutions for almost any application. And we would be very pleased if we can be of assistance to you by adapting our solution to improve your production process.

Both the models 8000 (1992) and 8100 (1995) you still find in many locations world wide. These analysers are sometimes upgraded in our facility to enable to work in new production processes at the same customer. In these cases we sometimes advise to use the new analyser, which has many new features and is, together with the new sensors, at least 10 times more accurate and not anymore influences by gasbubbles or whatever.

The RHOSONICS Model 8500 is the newest and most powerful instrument to measure the composition of your liquids, gases or slurries on-line.

Thanks to the highly innovative electronics and sensor design, continuous in-line monitoring of fluid mixtures is now possible with an extreme accuracy, virtually no maintenance and without moving or degrading parts.

Technology

The heart of the system is the cell, in which ultrasonic waves are being generated and received. This cell can be an externally mounted cell, in a bypass, but may as well be a measuring section, where the liquid is analysed while flowing through the pipe. Several probe designs facilitate the measurement of concentration inside tanks and of food products.

The ultrasonic transducer generates short, highly damped ultrasonic pulses in the frequency range of 1 to 7,5 MHz. These sound waves propagate through the liquid with a yet unknown sound speed and meet a second transducer, which converts the received sound waves into electrical pulses.

Our first technology we use is the calculation of the speed of sound. This is done by registration of the arrival times of the received signals, which is very precisely measured and processed by the 8500. Sound velocity is a very characteristic property of a fluid, that is affected by the density and the modulus of compressibility.

The second technology that Rhosonics uses is the determination of the loss of energy of the pulses. Energy loss is due by particles. We can determine the amount of solids in slurries, sludge or in the production of molymers.

The third technology that Rhosonics offer is ultrasonic spectrometry to determine certain properties of materials. This technology is used in laboratories and universities.

Based on the temperature, the path length and the application, the concentration or density is very accurately calculated by means of a polynomial equation. It compensated for non-linear behavior of the liquid. The constants of the polynomial equation are entered though the touchscreen of the 8500. These constants are known for many liquids and were determined by Rhosonics in their laboratory.

Rhosonics designed and uses a special tool, based on DSP technology, “UltraSmart” that enables better analysis of the pulses resulting in much higher accuracy. Gas bubbles, external influences, weakening of the signal and any other influence are recognized and discard from the measurement.

As you see our technology does not consist of moving parts and rarely needs maintenance.

Depending on the application, a choice of different sensors can be made. An extractive measurement is almost always possible, especially with low sample volumes, like in pilot plants. For the food industry we offer sanitary sensors. Also we offer a broad range of connectors, like tri-clamp, ISO, flanges and clamp on sensors.

Applications

Of course not all liquids can be measured with ultrasonics measuring technology. Though, in many cases, the 8500 is the ideal choice for your in-line process analysis.

  • Acids form one category of liquids, which can be measured with a high reliability in the process. Most of them possess such an extremely high change of sound speed versus concentration, that the accuracy of the measurement is comparable to a laboratory analysis. Examples are sulfuric acid, nitric acid, hydrochloric acid, phosphoric acid and many others.
  • Bases have sometimes an even more astonishing change of speed of sound. Looking at the graph of potassium hydroxide (see on the special application note), you can find that the sound velocity change of about 25 m/s is more than enough to ensure a highly accurate analysis.
  • Alcohol's, like glycol and ethanol, methanol are also very easy to measure accurately. The graph of ethanol (see the specifics application note) clearly indicates, that the relationship between sound speed and concentration is non-linear.
  • Food products, like beer, wine, syrups, edible oils and fats, fruit juices, as well as dairy products (milk, yoghurt), can easily be monitored.
  • Binary and ternary mixtures of hydrocarbon liquids possess a fairly linear relationship between density and sound velocity, even at high temperature and pressure extremes.
  • Also non-aqeous solutions as well as liquids with dissolved or suspended solids, are compatible with the Rhosonics analyzer.
  • Liquids with suspended solids also have a sound velocity, that depends on the amount of solids. In some cases, the attenuation is affected by solids as well. Examples of applications are milk, margarine and talcum suspensions.